What is a stem cell? You are probably
asking yourself this. It is ok, most people have never even heard of
stem cells. Whether you know about stem
cells or not, I'm sure you'll agree. Stem cells are surprisingly
interesting.
Generally, stem cells are a fairly simple
topic. Stem cells are cells that can divide indefinitely and have
the potential to develop into different
types of cells (NOVA scienceNOW: Stem Cells).
According to
theory, Stem cells can divide forever to
replenish other cells as long as the organism is still alive (Stem
Cell Basics). This ability may
make them important in treating diseases caused by the failure of a certain
kind of cell. There are two different kinds
of stem cells.
The first kind of stem cells is adult stem
cells. Adult stem cells are found among distinguished cells in a
tissue or organ that can regenerate and can
differentiate to allow some or all of the major specialized
cell types of the tissue or organ (NOVA scienceNOW: Stem Cells). The primary
roles of adult stem cells in
a living organism are to maintain and
repair the tissue in which they are found (Chavis).
Adult stem cells
are only able to differentiate into cell
types of their tissue of origin (Chavis).
The other kind of stem cells is embryonic
stem cells. They are derived from human embryos (Chavis).
Embryonic stem cells are fertilized and
grown in specialized laboratories (Chavis).
They can become all
cell types of the body because they are
pluripotent, or capable of giving rise to several different cell
types (Chavis).
Stem cells are pretty cool. Studies show,
stem cells may be the answer to treating devastating diseases.
A few examples would include type 1
diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Arthritis (Chavis). Do you think that
we should continue to research stem cells?
Bibliography
Chavis, Jason.
"eHow." Advantages of Embryonic Stem Cell Research.
NOVA scienceNOW:
Stem Cells. 16 April 2012
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/viewing/3209_04_nsn.html>.
Stem Cell Basics. 13 February 2012. 16 April 2012
<http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics4.asp>.